The possibility of sending programs and data between computers via computer networks is a vital matter for almost every computer user. However building the universal network that meets requirements of all users is practically impossible.
That’s why users are selecting technical solutions appropriate to the needs of their network, forming independent webs serving the specified group of people. However providing the exchange of information and communication among different kinds of networks is a difficult technical problem.
As a result of extremely dynamic development of the technology, solutions that connect many different physical networks have been developed so they can all coordinate witch each other as a one whole network. Internetworking is adapting to different hardware and software solutions, providing a way to connect with all other heterogeneous networks. Internetwork technique allows computers to communicate regardless of the physical network connections.
The U.S. Organization ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) has proposed a set of standards defining the details of communication between computers, as well as details about the networks linking and routing in the network named TCP/IP.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is not a single product. This is a generalized name of the whole family of protocols and software that shares a number of network services. However, they are based on two types of services used by all utilities.
Connectionless packet transfer service-is the basis for all other internet services. The majority of networks exchanging packets offers the transfer operation without using the connection and means that the internetwork directs transmission of small data portions with addressing information contained in each portion. Because connectionless services directly translate into hardware, this solution is efficient, and it also allows easy adaptation of TCP / IP protocols to a wide range of hardware. The side-effect of this method of data transfer is that the connectionless services direct each packet separately, so that there is no certainty that packets will be delivered to the recipient in a particular order, and there is no certainty that they will be delivered at all.
• The TCP / IP network is based on the usual packet exchange technology, so it functions independently of any available hardware
• TCP / IP interconnection enables communication between any pair of computers that connects. This is possible thanks to the recognition of each computer by a unique address in the world, clearly recognized throughout the intersection. The address information is also used to make the decision to choose a package route from the sender to the receiver.
• TCP / IP protocols allow acknowledgment between the sender and the destination even when the computers are not connected to the same physical network.
• As a result, applications are able to use already existing and ready to use services.
So the TCP / IP family of protocols can be used to communicate with any set of connected networks. In addition, you can use TCP / IP protocols to connect your internal networks even though they are not connected to external networks. TCP / IP technology is particularly interesting because it is the basic solution for the world wide web - The Internet.
As a result of extremely dynamic development of the technology, solutions that connect many different physical networks have been developed so they can all coordinate witch each other as a one whole network. Internetworking is adapting to different hardware and software solutions, providing a way to connect with all other heterogeneous networks. Internetwork technique allows computers to communicate regardless of the physical network connections.
The U.S. Organization ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) has proposed a set of standards defining the details of communication between computers, as well as details about the networks linking and routing in the network named TCP/IP.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is not a single product. This is a generalized name of the whole family of protocols and software that shares a number of network services. However, they are based on two types of services used by all utilities.
Connectionless packet transfer service-is the basis for all other internet services. The majority of networks exchanging packets offers the transfer operation without using the connection and means that the internetwork directs transmission of small data portions with addressing information contained in each portion. Because connectionless services directly translate into hardware, this solution is efficient, and it also allows easy adaptation of TCP / IP protocols to a wide range of hardware. The side-effect of this method of data transfer is that the connectionless services direct each packet separately, so that there is no certainty that packets will be delivered to the recipient in a particular order, and there is no certainty that they will be delivered at all.
Reliable Streaming Service addresses these issues. It has mechanisms that allow you to detect data transmission errors or to lose a packet. The reliable streaming transport service allows a user program on one computer to establish a "connection" to a utility program on another computer, and then send data as if it were a live, direct connection. However, it should be strongly emphasized that this is a virtual connection - the data stream is still divided into smaller portions and in this form it is sent to the recipient.
Since many networks provide services similar to the above, it is worth pointing out the basic distinguishing features of TCP / IP services from others:
Since many networks provide services similar to the above, it is worth pointing out the basic distinguishing features of TCP / IP services from others:
• The TCP / IP network is based on the usual packet exchange technology, so it functions independently of any available hardware
• TCP / IP interconnection enables communication between any pair of computers that connects. This is possible thanks to the recognition of each computer by a unique address in the world, clearly recognized throughout the intersection. The address information is also used to make the decision to choose a package route from the sender to the receiver.
• TCP / IP protocols allow acknowledgment between the sender and the destination even when the computers are not connected to the same physical network.
• As a result, applications are able to use already existing and ready to use services.
So the TCP / IP family of protocols can be used to communicate with any set of connected networks. In addition, you can use TCP / IP protocols to connect your internal networks even though they are not connected to external networks. TCP / IP technology is particularly interesting because it is the basic solution for the world wide web - The Internet.
The actions and dynamic development of the Internet network proves and demonstrates the strength and portability of TCP / IP technology.
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